{"id":684,"date":"2020-07-09T11:03:27","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T11:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ricovictor.com\/?p=684"},"modified":"2020-07-09T11:03:31","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T11:03:31","slug":"matrices-matematicas-en-r-definicion-y-tipos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ricovictor.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/09\/matrices-matematicas-en-r-definicion-y-tipos\/","title":{"rendered":"Matrices Matem\u00e1ticas en R. Definici\u00f3n y Tipos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Las matrices matem\u00e1ticas<\/strong> son un concepto muy importante dentro de la estad\u00edstica,econometr\u00eda<\/a> y otras ciencias que se nutren del estudio de los datos y de su organizaci\u00f3n para sacar conclusiones.<\/p>

Te\u00f3ricamente podemos decir que la matrices simplemente es una forma de organizar los datos en filas y columnas<\/strong> como tablas de elementos.<\/p>

La gran utilidad que tienen viene sobretodo porque nos facilitan los c\u00e1lculos cuando queremos hacer cualquier an\u00e1lisis de car\u00e1cter multivariante<\/strong>, por ejemplo si queremos realizar una regresi\u00f3n m\u00faltiple<\/strong>.<\/p>

Dentro del campo de finanzas se usan much\u00edsimo, por ejemplo son imprescindibles en la construcci\u00f3n de carteras<\/a> de inversi\u00f3n,donde se usan para determinar las varianzas,covarianzas y correlaciones<\/strong> entre los activos.<\/p>

Tambi\u00e9n cuando utilizamos modelos de multicointegraci\u00f3n<\/a> para hacer arbitraje, ya que ser\u00e1n necesarias para obtener las betas<\/strong> como ve\u00eds en la foto de m\u00e1s abajo y pr\u00e1cticamente en cualquier estrategia en la que desarrolLemos modelos econom\u00e9tricos multivariantes<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para aprender m\u00e1s sobre las matrices desde la base he creado un tutorial donde las defino y tambi\u00e9n hablo de algunos tipos que existen.<\/p>

Adem\u00e1s hago ejemplos pr\u00e1cticos en R<\/strong>. Tene\u00eds el c\u00f3digo usado m\u00e1s abajo para que pod\u00e1is copiarlo si lo necesit\u00e1is \ud83d\udc47\ud83d\udc47<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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C\u00d3DIGO DEL V\u00cdDEO<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>


#Video MATRICES 1<\/strong><\/p>


# Crear matrices en R<\/strong><\/p>

# A partir de un vector<\/strong><\/p>

(m <- 1:20) #Vector de 20 n\u00fameroS<\/strong>
m<\/strong>

# la convertimos en matriz estableciendo la dimensi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>

dim(m) <- c(4,5)<\/strong>
m<\/strong><\/p>

class(m)<\/strong><\/p>

dim(m) <- c(5, 4) # ahora 5 FILAS y 4 columnas<\/strong>
m<\/strong><\/p>

#Para mirar dentro de la matriz<\/strong>
#por ejemplo elemento en la fila 3 y columna 2 es:<\/strong><\/p>

m[3, 2]<\/strong><\/p>

m[8] # acceso al mismo elemento, como vector, con un solo \u00edndice<\/strong><\/p>


# Selecci\u00f3n de fila Entera o Columna entera<\/strong><\/p>

m[3, ]<\/strong><\/p>

m[, 2]<\/strong><\/p>


##Las matrices tambi\u00e9n se pueden crear de manera flexible por <\/strong>
#medio de la funci\u00f3n primitiva matrix(),<\/strong><\/p>

(m <- matrix(1:20, nrow = 5, ncol = 4, byrow = TRUE))<\/strong>
cm<- matrix(1:20, nrow = 5, ncol = 4)<\/strong>
cm<\/strong><\/p>

rownames(m) <- c(\u00abedad\u00bb, \u00abpeso\u00bb, \u00abtres\u00bb, \u00abcuatro\u00bb, \u00abcinco\u00bb)<\/strong>
colnames(m) <- c(\u00abUNO\u00bb, \u00abDOS\u00bb, \u00abTRES\u00bb, \u00abCUATRO\u00bb)<\/strong>
m<\/strong><\/p>

#MATRIZ TRANSPUESTA<\/strong><\/p>

# 2 formas para hacerlo(Con y sin funci\u00f3n)<\/strong><\/p>

a<- c(1,5)<\/strong>
b<- c (9,8)<\/strong><\/p>

aa<-c(1,5,9,8)<\/strong><\/p>

### Creo una nueva matriz con dos vectores nuevos<\/strong><\/p>

M_A<- matrix(c(a,b),2)<\/strong>
M_A<\/strong>
M_A_tr<-t(M_A) #cambiar filas por columnas<\/strong>
M_A_tr<\/strong>
M_A_tr2<- matrix(c(a,b),2,byrow=TRUE)<\/strong>
M_A_tr2<\/strong><\/p>

## Con un s\u00f3lo vector<\/strong><\/p>

M_Ax<- matrix(aa,2)<\/strong>
M_Ax<\/strong><\/p>

M_A_trx<-t(M_Ax)<\/strong>
M_A_trx<\/strong><\/p>

#################<\/strong><\/p>

# Otra forma Opcional para matrices<\/strong><\/p>

### con rbind y cbind<\/strong><\/p>

PorFilas<- rbind(c(11, 13.2, -5.5), c(0.5, -1.1, 88))<\/strong>
PorFilas<\/strong><\/p>

PorColumnas <- cbind(c(11, 13.2, -5.5), c(0.5, -1.1, 88))<\/strong>
PorColumnas<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las matrices matem\u00e1ticas son un concepto muy importante dentro de la estad\u00edstica,econometr\u00eda y otras ciencias que se nutren del estudio de los datos y de su organizaci\u00f3n para sacar conclusiones. Te\u00f3ricamente podemos decir que la matrices simplemente es una forma de organizar los datos en filas y columnas como tablas de elementos. La gran utilidad …<\/p>\n

Matrices Matem\u00e1ticas en R. Definici\u00f3n y Tipos<\/span> Leer m\u00e1s »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,13],"tags":[84],"yoast_head":"\nMatrices Matem\u00e1ticas en R. Definici\u00f3n y Tipos - V\u00edctor A. Rico \u2014 Econometr\u00eda y Finanzas Cuantitativas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ricovictor.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/09\/matrices-matematicas-en-r-definicion-y-tipos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Matrices Matem\u00e1ticas en R. Definici\u00f3n y Tipos - V\u00edctor A. Rico \u2014 Econometr\u00eda y Finanzas Cuantitativas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Las matrices matem\u00e1ticas son un concepto muy importante dentro de la estad\u00edstica,econometr\u00eda y otras ciencias que se nutren del estudio de los datos y de su organizaci\u00f3n para sacar conclusiones. 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